その他 Others
P3-1-119 単一運動課題による酸素化ヘモグロビン変動について-finger pinching運動による検討- Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin during a single motion task-Evaluation using finger pinching- ○白石大地1,2,5, 森田喜一郎2,3, 山本篤2, 浅海靖恵2,4, 小路純央2,3, 志波直人5 ○Daichi Shiraishi1,2,5, Kiichirou Morita2,3, Atushi Yamamoto2, Yasue Asaumi2,4, Yoshihisa Syoji2,3, Naoto Shiba5 うえはら整形リハビリクリニック1, 久留米大学高次脳疾患研究所2, 久留米大学神経精神医学講座3, 九州看護福祉大学　看護福祉学部　リハビリテーション学科4, 久留米大学医学部付属病院　リハビリテーション部5 Uehara Orthopedic Rehabilitation Clinic1, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases Kurume University2, Department of Neuropsychiatry Kurume University School of Medicine3, Department of Rehabilitation Kyushu University of Nursing and Social welfare4, Rehabilitation Center, Kurume University Medical Cente5 In this study, based on measurement of the event-related potential of brain waves, we evaluated changes in Oxy-Hb induced by finger pinching(FP) as a base of brain activity during a single motion task. The subjects consisted of 10 healthy adults (7 males and 3 females aged 31.6±4.5 years) without neurological abnormalities. An NIRS (Hitachi Medical Corp, ETG-4000,44 channels) were used. The following protocol was used. After a 6-second rest in a dark environment, A single right FP as a task was performed and repeated 50 times to evaluate smaller changes in blood flow in the brain. For analysis, after addition and averaging of the amounts of Oxy-Hb for each channel during the motion task repeated≥50 times, the approximate area during 5 seconds was calculated at 100-msec intervals. For statistical analysis, JMP was used, and the near area in each channel was analyzed using the Tukey-Kramer HSD test. p<0.05 was regarded as significant. This study was carried out with approval by the Ethical Review Board, Kurume University after explaining its contents to all subjects in writing and obtaining their consent. Based on the results of this study, channel 1 (ch1), ch2, and ch3 in the left recording area and corresponding ch4, ch3, and ch2 in the right recording area were established as regions of interest (ROIs). Comparison between channels showed a significantly larger approximate area for ch3 than for ch2 in the left recording area (p<0.05) but no significant differences among the other channels. Comparison between the left and right recording areas showed a significantly larger approximate area for ch2 in the right recording area than for ch3 in the left recording area (p<0.01) but no significant differences between the other corresponding channels in the left and right recording areas. This suggested that ch3 in the left recording area was located at a site activated by right FP.	P3-1-120 大脳皮質ソマトスタチン陽性抑制性細胞の一部はプレプロダイノルフィンを産生する Preprodynorphin-producing interneurons constitute a subpopulation of somatostatin-positive neurons in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex ○孫在隣1, 日置寛之1, 岡本慎一郎1, 金子武嗣1 ○Jaerin Sohn1, Hiroyuki Hioki1, Shinichiro Okamoto1, Takeshi Kaneko1 京都大学大学院 医学研究科 高次脳形態学1 Dept Morphol Brain Sci, Grad Sch of Med, Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan1 Dynorphins and enkephalins, opioid peptides, have modulatory influences through κ- (KOR) and μ-opioid receptors (MOR), respectively, in the central nervous system. Preprodynorphin (PPD) and preproenkephalin (PPE) are precursors for those peptides, and abundantly expressed in the neocortex. We previously reported that PPE was expressed in neocortical GABAergic interneurons in the rat primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Neocortical interneurons are roughly classified into three distinct subgroups by chemical markers, such as parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM) and the others. PPE-immunoreactive interneurons were negative for PV or SOM but positive for MOR (Taki et al., 2000). In the present study, we investigated the chemical characteristics of preprodynorphin (PPD)-positive cells in the mouse S1 by the double fluorescence labeling method. PPD-positive cells were mainly distributed in the middle layer. Almost all PPD-positive cells displayed the signals for glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform (GAD67) mRNA. This indicates PPD-positive cells are GABAergic interneurons in the neocortex. Almost all PPD-positive interneurons showed SOM immunoreactivity, and inversely, they accounted for about a half (46.0%) of SOM-positive interneurons. Since it is known that some SOM-positive neurons are also immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y (NPY), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and calretinin (CR), we subsequently investigated the colocalizations of immunoreactivities for those markers and PPD. Some PPD-producing neurons were also positive for CR, but few of them showed immunoreactivities for NPY or NOS. These findings suggest that PPD can be applied as a useful marker for a subgroup of SOM-positive interneurons in the mouse S1.
P3-1-121 成獣ラットDRGにおけるSox2の分布と役割 Localization and role of Sox2 in the adult rat DRG ○小池太郎1, 若林毅俊1, 森徹自1, 平原幸恵1, 高森康晴1, 山田久夫1 ○Taro Koike1, Taketoshi Wakabayashi1, Tetsuji Mori1, Yukie Hirahara1, Yasuharu Takamori1, Hisao Yamada1 関西医科大学解剖学第一講座1 Department of Anatomy and Cell Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan1 Sox2 is a transcriptional factor that expressed in neural stem cells in the neurogenic regions of CNS. However, localization and roles of Sox2 in the adult PNS is still unclear. We immunohistochemicaly studied the localization of Sox2 protein in the adult rat sensory nervous system using confocal laser scanning microscope. Wistar rats were fixed; DRG, sciatic nerve and skin were subjected to immunohistochemical procedure. The somato-sensory nervous system is composed of primary sensory neurons, satellite glial cells, myelinated Schwann cells, unmyelinated Schwann cells and terminal Schwann cells. Sox2 protein was localized in nuclei of satellite glial cells, unmyelinated Schwann cells and some kind of terminal Schwann cells. Moreover expression of Sox2 mRNA was also confirmed with PCR method. Specificity of anti-Sox2 antibody was confirmed with peptide neutralization. Next we studied the role of Sox2 in satellite glial cells derived from adult rats. siRNA or control RNA was transfected 48h after seeding in cultured satellite glial cells that we established. Cells were fixed 48h after transfection. In siRNA-treated samples, the number of Ki67 positive cells significantly increased. Thus, Sox2 inhibited proliferation in satellite glial cells. In this study, localization and role of Sox2 was studied. Sox2 was expressed in some types of glial cells in PNS and was thought to regulate cell cycle in satellite glial cells.	P3-1-122 Withdrawn
P3-1-123 Withdrawn	P3-1-124 けいれん誘発てんかんモデルに対する局所脳冷却の発作抑制効果と至適冷却温度 Focal brain cooling suppresses focal seizures without seriously affecting motor functions ○井上貴雄1, 藤井正美1, 木田裕之2, 山川俊貴5, 丸田雄一1, 常盤達司4, 賀業霆1, 野村貞宏1, 大和田祐二3, 山川烈4,6, 鈴木倫保1 ○Takao Inoue1, Masami Fujii1, Hiroyuki Kida2, Toshitaka Yamakawa5, Yuichi Maruta1, Tatsuji Tokiwa4, Yeting He1, Sadahiro Nomura1, Yuji Owada3, Takeshi Yamakawa4,6, Michiyasu Suzuki1 山口大学大学院 医学系研究科 脳神経外科学1, 山口大学 大学院医学系研究科 システム神経科学2, 山口大学 大学院医学系研究科 器官解剖学3, 九州工業大学 大学院生命体工学研究科 脳情報専攻4, 静岡大学 工学部 電気電子工学科5, ファジィシステム研究所6 Dept Neurosurg, Yamaguchi Univ, Ube1, Dept Systems Neurosc, Yamaguchi Univ, Ube2, Dept Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi Univ, Ube3, Dept Brain Sci & Eng Kyushu Institute of Technol, Kitakyushu4, Dept Electrical & Electronics Eng, Shizuoka Univ, Hamamatsu5, Fuzzy Logic Systems Institute, Iizuka6 Focal brain cooling (FBC) is well established as a method for suppressing epileptic discharges (EDs). To provide evidence that focal brain cooling is a safe and effective therapeutic intervention for intractable focal epilepsy, we investigated the placement of a titanium cooling plate over the epidural cortical surface and investigated whether focal brain cooling can prevent and/or terminate focal neocortical seizures without having a significant impact on brain functions. In this study, two cats and two macaque monkeys were chronically implanted with an epidural focal brain cooling device over the somatosensory and motor cortex, with adjacent Electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes, a thermo sensor and a micro-injection tube. Seizures were induced by injection of penicillin G in the motor cortex. Recordings were performed under the awake condition. After the end of the experiments, the animals were sacrificed for examination of the localization of the implanted subdural device. In awake condition, no apparent changes in ECoG were caused by cooling of the cortex when the temperature of the cortical surface decreased to 15ºC. Epileptiform discharges were also significantly suppressed at 15ºC. Power spectra of low beta frequency bands, which include epileptiform discharges, were compared during the pre-cooling, cooling, and rewarming periods. A posthoc Tukey test was significant (in cat: pre-cooling vs. cooling, P < 0.01, pre-cooling vs. rewarming, P > 0.1, cooling vs. rewarming, P < 0.01; in monkey, pre-cooling vs. cooling, P < 0.05, pre-cooling vs. rewarming, P > 0.1, cooling vs. rewarming, P < 0.05). Implantation of the device for at least five months did not result in detrimental changes based on HE staining, compared with the ipsilateral hemisphere. The results of this study suggest that focal brain cooling has a strong effect to suppress the epileptiform seizures under the awake condition.

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